IDENTIDAD

La cita de Manuel zapata olivella hace referencia a la gran paradoja del avance tecnológico y la facilidad que le brinda esta al ser humano en el desarrollo habitual del mismo, que es el hecho de volverlo cada vez menos especial, es decir, entre mas acumule tecnología el ser humano, menos tendrá este la necesidad de crear y siendo el caso que deba crear, su propia tecnología previamente hecha hará esto en lugar del hombre, lo cual a la larga opacara poco a poco hasta la extinción del instinto creador inminente característico del ser humano.

·        La esencialidad que supone el cuerpo al hablar de identidad es totalmente relevante ya que este es el vínculo entre identidad y mundo superficial al ser el medio por el cual una persona puede expresar cualquier noción deseada. Además, el divorcio entre identidad y cuerpo es algo utópico puesto que este pese a ser transitorio es sumamente necesario para la expresión del otro.

·        Hasta aquí espacio y tiempo son agentes sumamente influyentes en la construcción y elaboración de la identidad, debido a que dependiendo de la muestra de tiempo que se esté viviendo y el lugar que se esté ocupando, se desarrollaran los principios y bases de una identidad, también cabe resaltar que el tiempo es de valor mutable y el espacio de valor estadístico, razón por la cual el tiempo juega un rol más importante para la identidad que el espacio.

Identidad étnica/ identidad urbana 

·        Estos tipos de identidad son extremadamente diferentes entre sí , por ejemplo, para la identidad étnica o relacionales su desarrollo es basado en un interés colectivo, mientras que para la identidad urbana se trata de algo exclusivamente individual y finalmente la identidad como tal lo toma como algo ambivalente que parte de una individualidad para llegar a la colectividad. es menester y de suma importancia el consenso y dispensación del conocimiento por generación en la de tipo étnico o relacionales, mientras que lo más importante para la de tipo urbana son principios y bases personales, firmes  y correctos, en cambio la tradicional acobija a estas dos que podríamos llamarles sub-identidades derivadas de una gran identidad.

·        En esta oportunidad se toman estos conceptos haciendo referencia a la identidad étnica o relacional y el significado de tales es directamente proporcional al antes expuesto con una pequeña variante que fluye hacia lo metafísico  o en otras palabras mítico, puesto que por estar relacionado con culturas étnicas llevan por consiguiente un alto contenido subjetivo y tradicional.

·        Al ser el cuerpo el medio que permite la expresión, y al ser la expresión una forma de dar a conocer nuestras percepciones y finalmente siendo tales percepciones un ejemplo claro de nuestra identidad, el cuerpo es indudablemente relevante para expresar todo ese contenido subjetivo en el exterior y plasmarlo en un ambiente social ya que toda acción tiene una reacción.

      

ideas for homeless

Although it is almost impossible to resolve the problem of each homeless person, I think that many things could be done to help them. First at all, the government should build a big house for them where they can sleep, take a shower, and have one lunch. it will need some people who take care of this house and supervise them. Homeless people could live in this house if they do not break the rules; for example, they have to clean the house, arrive to the house without drugs or alcohol, to help to cook, respect the schedules, and to work in order to collect some money to buy things for themselves such as cleaning implements, food, and clothes. In addition, to have a special place where psychologists help homeless people with the problem of drugs and alcohol since this is the major cause why they live this situation.

Another important idea is to have a law in the city that prohibits giving alms because if those people do not receive money from others, they will have the necessity of getting a job. Moreover, to give them opportunity of working, some people could teach them to make elemental things such as fixing a car or an electric appliance, painting, building, and so on; in this way they will have a knowledge to get a job, those courses will be free for those people. On the other hand, I am completely sure that any person can help them, not exactly with money, but giving them the opportunity to change, if we do not discriminate them; on the contrary, we respect them and support them, so they will improve.

interaction with homeless

THEY MATTER

To go to the streets and talk to some homeless people was very important for me since in this way I respect them, and I can understand why they live this situation. Besides, actually I think that they are very important as any human. This made me change my point of view about them because before talking to them, I preferred to ignore them, and to think that they did not exist since they were aggressive and they seemed to be the victims just to get money and buy drugs; Also, that they lived on streets because they looked for it. However, to know the story of Juan Camilo, a man who lives on streets, helped me to think different. Nowadays I realize that they are victims of drugs; for this reason, they have this horrible life. Although. They wish a different life; it is very difficult to get it since they do not have control on themselves. I think it is very sad to see young people, elders, and children in this problem, and not to do anything. On the other hand, that day I learnt that nobody should reject them because any person could be in this situation, a friend or a relative of us and if a person does not know and understand them, so why criticize them.

Aprender un Segundo Idioma a traves de la Cultura

Yo considero que NO es tan importante aprender un segundo idioma desde la cultura misma, dado que esto dificultaria el aprendizaje del idioma o lengua en las personas; porque yo pienso que al inicio lo mas importante o fundamental son las bases de la lengua, lo que incluye la parte gramatical y el desarrollo de sus ideas en esta nueva lengua.

Adicionalmente, considero que es por medio del idioma que la cultura es transmitida y dada a conocer a las nuevas generaciones; por consiguiente, la enseñanza de la cultura debe ser dada en un momento en el cual el manejo del idioma sea suficiente para tener una comunicacion fluida entre las personas y asi poder desarrollar platicas productivas sobre la cultura desde el idoma de esta, dando a los estudiantes de esta manera mayor confianza y mejorando su manejo al mismo tiempo.

Ademas, el uso de la cultura debe ser pensada para mejorar el idioma y no como un causante de este mismo. Dado que existen incontables idiomas y estos cambian ligeramente dependiendo de la cultura en la cual este es puesto en practica, pero el idioma en si no cambia y la lengua general se mantiene independientemente de la cultura.

Por consecuencia, Yo considero que el plan de estudio de nuestra Universidad es util y practico debido a que principalmente aprendemos la lengua y luego nos enfocamos en el uso de esta en la cultura de mayor impacto. Y debido a este estudio-posterior de la cultura podemos identificar los idiosincracias que se encuentran en el idioma. Esto es una gran ayuda para las personas que estudian los diferentes idiomas, especialmente para aquellas que deciden viajar y formar parte de la cultura estudiada, como es el caso de muchos estudiantes que realizan intercambios a otros paises o regiones y de esta manera podrian evitar dificultados como puede llegar a ser "Culture Shock".

 BODY LANGUAGE "AMISTAD"

La Amistad is a movie in which black people are slaves, and a specific group of black people from a unknown land is captured by Americans. The problem that exists with this group is that many people want to be owned of them. To Americans, to Cubans, and to Spanish is very important to have them since those slaves represent money. However, there are some people who want to help them because they believe that slaves have also rights, and they need to be treated as humans not as merchandise, but slavers and people who want to help them do not speak the same language and this make a little difficult the communication. Nevertheless, they find the way to communicate despite of language differences, it is non verbal communication. They realize that they can transmit their ideas using their body language, with this, they make signs, expressions, and sounds to break the barrier that exist among them, and in this way to find the solution of the problem.





BODY LANGUAGE: people always use parts of their body to express their ideas, emotions, feelings, and so on. Not always is important to speak in order to say something because with sound, signs, gestures, movements, people also can communicate with others. Body language is a useful tool to express and to understand messages, but it is very necessary to know them since body language changes depending on the place and on the culture, it means, a specific gesture in Colombia can mean something, but the same gesture can mean something different in another country. I think that it is one of the reasons why culture shock is caused because people realize that language is not only the difference, also body language. Consequently, people feel frustrated if they do not know it.

 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AND THE LANGUAGE OF A CULTURE

ALLOPHONES: it is when a specific phoneme can be pronounced in different ways. The pronunciation can change depending on where or by whom it is pronounced.
Example, V in America is pronounced using the upper lip and the upper front teeth (labio-dental), but v in Colombia is pronounced using both lips (bilabial), and the sound is different.
T in America is pronounced in plosive way, it means a complete obstruction of the outgoing airstream by the articulators, but in Colombia it is not plosive since any air outside when it is done.

MORPHEME: It is a small structure formed of some phonemes which has a meaning. There are two types of morphemes single and compound. The first one is a simple word that means only one thing like cat, dog, chair, book, muff, month, and amuse. The other one is a simple word with an added phoneme to means something else or a different thing such as cats, dogs, jobs, loved, and beings. These are very important because if you add or omit phoneme, the sense of the sentence can change like past-present, singular-plural, and noun-verb, noun-adjective.
-    Depending on how the word is compound, it can be deduced many aspects of the culture.

WHORF HYPOTHESIS:  It is related with the perception that a person has of a word depending on his/her culture, it means, the physical word is not so much important, the important is what the person thinks about it at the moment of listening or expressing it. It is due to culture and subculture because these are in charge of giving or modifying the meaning of each word; for example, what the majority of Colombians think when they hear the word “cow”, it means: meat, milk, leather, but if Indians hear the same word, their perception changes to something sacred, majestic and protected. In addition, perception of words also changes due to occupation and personalities. Occupation because depending on the job, people knowledge and education change; for instance, for a vet, dog is mammalian, quadruped, canine, but for a child, it is a pet or his/her best friend. On the other hand, a thing can have many ways to be referred, this also depends on culture; for example, in Colombia you can say cafe con leche, pintadito, perico, and express. This depends on perception you have for this drink and the place you are located or the perception that your culture introduce you.

LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY: it is the diversity of concepts that language can have depending how a person sees the word, how she/he relates the word with the context; for example, in some cultures, for people tree is a simple tool to work and to get money since it provides wood and paper, for others it is life, oxygen, and beauty, and for others it is nothing since they do not know them.

LINGUISTIC DETERMINISM: For Whorf, language gives knowledge and imagination of the reality to people; for instance, the word house indicates to people that it is a structure where toy can live. Also how much level language you have, you have the level knowledge.

Exercise:  1. Interview


Friend                    buddy
                             Companion
                             Chum
                             Girlfriend
                            Mate
                            Confidante
                            Firm friends
                           Acquaintance

work                   Appointment
                           Background
                           Business
                           Call
                           Calling
                           Career
                           Career
                           Collaboration
                           Delegation
                           Division of labor

Why: it exists many concepts to express only a word since it changes depending on the age of a person, occupation, social status, education, knowledge, and something very important his/her subculture because they almost ever create new words in order to say in a different way a common word.
2.
Money                cash
                          Coins
                          Banknote
                          Bill
                          Bread
                          Bucks
                         Change
                         Coinage
                         Copper

Kinship                Relationship
                           Connection
                           Association
                           Link
                           Partnership
                           Relations
                           Tie
                          Chemistry
                          Reconciliation
                          Rapport

in another culture

Émile Durkheim was the first person who talked about it. Anomie is a term used to refer to all those who want to get achievements without complying with the standards set by society. This does not refer to the lack of effective laws but the failure of social norms.

A person who travels to another country can easily act in this way since the standardas of the foreing country can be totally different, and normally what the person wants is to live new experiences and continues acting in the same way he/she used to do it. However, People must be aware that they are visitors and must accept the rules to make the stay more pleasant. In addition, if they respect the rules already imposed by that culture, their relationship with people from the foreing place will be better.

there are some tips to overcome those differences that appear along the trip.

• Meet new people: It is an excellent idea because they can show you the place that you have not seen, also they could teach you the positive points of those things you do not like.
• Try new things: Although not everything is good for you, surely  there are interesting things that can be perceive as boring, but if you try them, you could change that perspective.
• Observe body language: It is so important because if you do it, you can undrestand the correct meaning of each expression, and in this way you will not get confused when someone tells you something using them.
• Learn the verbal language: It is so frustrating if a person does not know the foreing language, things get better when a person knows it, since people can communicate to others, express their needs and in this manner enjoy the experience.

Respect and patience are big virtues that people have to take into account in order to be in other country and adapt to the standars of the other country to fit in

racism

                                                         RACISM

It is a unconscious behavior that makes a person to feel repugnance towards another person due to his/her color of skin. This behavior was born since in the past the subjugated society was integrated by black people and the dome society was integrated by white people; as a consequence, nowadays people misunderstand that fact thy they forget completely the humanity sense, ignoring that they are devaluating themselves.

The problem of racism has to be well managed by professors since at the time of evaluating a student, the only aspect that should be taken into account is the learning and understanding capacity of students, omitting racial and personal differences. Besides, professors have to accept their students and define their relations with them so they are not where they come from or how they look like; this makes a professor to be professional and not a mediocre educational.

                                                Stereotype 

To Stereotype a person is a wrong act because we are denying the individual development of the people personality; and erroneously we affirm the existence of a unique conduct to a group of people.

The most important at the moment of socializing is to give the opportunity to others to show who they are before being criticized. 

Language and Language

Lenguaje	Lengua
It is the lexicon that people use at the time of communicating to each other. It is the way that we organize our ideas in our minds to let us transmit our thoughts properly Language can change depending on the level of education that a person has and also depending on the place where she/he is. In addition, language is strongly related to each one's culture	It is a synonym of idiom or the type of symbols people use to speak or to express their ideas in a tangible way, like sounds, words, etc. Around the world exists a lot of "languages" such as English and Spanish, and some of theses languages may have variations depending on the specific place that the "language" is spoken

        

Living with Culture

"By understanding the features that constitute a culture, you can excel in communicating with a member of another culture."

It is important to know the other culture before of being part of it, since each culture has its own way of living , behaving, specific physical aspect, beliefs, customs, history and style of thinking. So, if a person does not know anything about them, this person could be lead to a misunderstanding with other people; for instance, to offend them with his/her way of behavior or speaking although this person does not realize what is happening due to this ignorance. In addition, the lack of knowledge of other culture can create a breach of communication among people because though some cultures share the same language, this has not always the same meaning and at the moment of transmitting an idea to someone else, of a different culture, this person might understand a completely different thing. It not only happens with verbal communication but also happens with the non-verbal communication.

Usually, people who have this life experience are those who travel to other country. I think that the best way of enduring this kind of situation is to learn a little about culture to avoid any misunderstanding. Besides, to be very patient and respect each detail of the other culture are tips that would help anybody to have a good experience at the time of living in another culture.